Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena S.p.A., known as BMPS or just MPS, is an Italian bank. Tracing its history to a mount of piety founded in 1472 and established in its present form in 1624, it is the world's oldest bank, and after the acquisition of Mediobanca in 2025 it is the third largest Italian bank. In 1995, the bank was transformed from a statutory corporation to a limited company called Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena. The Fondazione Monte dei Paschi di Siena was created to continue the charitable functions of the bank and to be, until the bailout in 2013, its largest single shareholder. In 2016–17, BMPS was struggling to avoid a collapse, and it was bailed out again by the Italian government in July 2017. In 2020, BMPS had approximately 1,400 branches, 21,000 employees and 3.9 million customers in Italy, as well as branches and businesses abroad. A subsidiary, MPS Capital Services, handles corporate and investment banking. It has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank. Wikipedia